The Working Principle of FOG

Principle:

The principle of the FOG is based on the Sagnac effect, that is, the same two light beams emitted by the same light source propagate in the opposite direction and converge at the same observation point. If there is an angular velocity with respect to the inertial space perpendicular to the axis of the plane where the closed optical path is located, the travel distance of the two rays in the forward and reverse directions is different. An optical path difference occurs. The optical path difference is proportional to the angular velocity of the rotation, so we know the information between the optical path difference and phase difference, and we can get the rotational angular velocity.

Application:

Nautical applications

Compass is an important navigation equipment for ships, mainly magnetic compass and electric compass two kinds. With the development of fiber optic gyro technology and the improvement of commercialization level, fiber optic gyro has become a new member of Marine communication equipment, and has been applied in commercial and military ships and Marine equipment. The rotation axis of the fiber optic gyrocompass based on the strapdown inertial navigation system corresponds to the three axes of the ship's coordinate system. It can not only be used as a high-precision heading information source to realize automatic north finding and north pointing, but also obtain reliable data such as heading rotation rate, transverse and pitch Angle and heading rotation rate, further promoting the automated development of the ship. It ensures the maneuvering effect of the ship and the safety of navigation.

Aerospace and space applications

High precision interferometric fiber optic gyroscopes are generally used in aerospace and space applications. IFOG is the strapdown inertial navigation system with the main inertial component, which can provide the aircraft with three-dimensional angular velocity, position, Angle of attack and side-slip Angle, realize the tracking and measurement of rocket launch, and can also be used for space vehicle stability, photography/mapping, attitude measurement control, motion compensation, EO/FLIR stability, navigation and flight control, etc. The combination of fiber optic gyro and GPS with high accuracy and reliability has become a typical configuration of spacecraft attitude determination system at home and abroad.

Military applications

Fiber optic gyro has been widely used in military because of its advantages in angular rate and acceleration measurement and in dynamic range, sensitivity and reliability. It can be used for tank, submarine, self-propelled artillery, armored assault vehicle positioning, orientation and navigation; When satellite navigation can not get accurate information due to strong electronic interference, fiber optic gyro can be used to ensure autonomous navigation, precise guidance and accurate target hitting of aircraft. At the same time, the FOG component is also an important part of the aviation fire control system, which can be used for the stability of the aiming line and the firing line of weapon systems such as gunships, to ensure that the weapon is searched, aimed, tracked and fired in motion. In addition, fiber optic gyro is also the only effective underwater navigation technology, which can be used for submarine positioning, orientation and navigation.

Civilian applications

In the civil field, it mainly focuses on the application of middle and low precision fiber optic gyroscope, the main applications are: automatic navigation, positioning and orientation of ground vehicles, vehicle control; Attitude control of agricultural aircraft, sowing and spraying pesticides; Locating tools and rescue tools for damaged power lines, pipelines and communication optical (electrical) cables during underground project maintenance; It is used for geodetic survey, mineral exploration and production, oil exploration, oil drilling guidance, tunnel construction and other positioning and path survey, and the use of fiber optic gyro rotation Angle and line displacement to achieve dam slope measurement.

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