Gyro composition

gyroscope refers to a fixed point in engineering, a symmetric rigid body that rotates at high speed around the axis of symmetry. Its spin axis is called the gyro main axis. There are various types of gyros due to the different forms of support, rigid body shape and mass distribution. The speed of gyroscope is high, so it has some special dynamic characteristics. A gyroscope whose fulcrum and the center of mass of a rigid body coincide is called an equilibrium gyroscope. Otherwise called gravity gyro. A gyroscope whose rigid body mass is evenly distributed and whose geometric symmetry axis is the rotation axis is called a symmetric gyroscope. In this case, the inertia ellipsoid of the rigid body with respect to the fulcrum is called the ellipsoid of rotation, and the inertia of the rigid body with respect to the axis of symmetry is called the polar moment of inertia. The moment of inertia of a rigid body with respect to two other principal axes of inertia passing through the fulcrum (see inertia tensor) is called the equatorial moment of inertia. Gyro is a rigid body moving around a fulcrum, so the kinematics and dynamics equations of fixed point motion of rigid body are applicable to gyro.

When analyzing the motion of the gyro from the point of view of mechanics, it can be regarded as a rigid body. There is a directional pivot point on the rigid body, and the gyro can rotate three degrees of freedom around the fulcrum, so the movement of the gyro is a rigid body. Rotating motion around a fixed point. More specifically, a flywheel rotor that rotates at high speed around the axis of symmetry is called a gyro. The gyroscope is mounted on the frame device so that the rotation axis of the gyroscope has an angular rotation degree. The overall device is called a gyroscope.

The basic components of the gyroscope are:

(1) Gyro rotor (usually using synchronous motor, hysteresis motor, three-phase AC motor and other drag methods to make the gyro rotor rotate around the rotation axis at high speed, and see its speed is approximately constant).The gyro body is the main part of the gyro, usually made of materials such as metal, plastic or wood. The shape of the gyro body is various, there are round, oval, hexagonal shape and so on. The position of the center of gravity of the gyroscope has a great influence on the stability of the gyroscope, so it is necessary to consider the position of the center of gravity when making the gyroscope.

(2) inner and outer frames (or inner and outer rings, which are structures for obtaining the desired angular rotational freedom of the gyro's rotation axis).The axis is the core part of a top's rotation. The axis is usually made of metal or plastic, and its diameter and length also affect the spinning stability of the top. There are usually two small bumps at either end of the shaft to hold the coil in place. The coil is the part that is needed when the top is spinning, and it is usually made of wire or plastic wire.

(3) Accessories (referring to torque motors, signal sensors, etc.)

Mechanical property

Because the gyroscope has fixed axis, precession and other mechanical properties (see gyroscopic mechanics), it can be made into gyroscopes, gyroscopic stabilizers, navigation platforms and other devices for different engineering and technical fields. From the mechanical point of view, the meaning of gyroscope is more extensive. The high-speed spinning projectile has no fixed point in flight, but its relative motion to the center of mass is a typical gyroscopic motion, which depends on the stability of the gyroscope to avoid somersault.
The spin axis of a three-degree-of-freedom gyroscope with high speed rotation has stability, which is the stability of gyro motion and another mechanical property of gyro motion.
Although the structure of the gyroscope is simple, each part has a great influence on the spinning stability and control performance of the gyroscope. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the design and production process of each part when making a gyroscope to ensure the rotation effect and control performance of the gyroscope.

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